شنبه 18 خرداد1387

معرفی وبلاگ

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• لندن و موزه ها
• غارها و پناهگاه های صخره ای در ایران از دیدگاه باستان شناسی(1)
• آخرین نئاندرتال ها، از سلسله مباحث منشا انسان (2)
• منشاء انسان، مختصری در ارتباط با چگونگی پیدایش انسان (۱)
• نئاندرتال چهارانگشتی و دم دار!
• ...

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جمعه 17 خرداد1387

عصر نوسنگی ایران

NEOLITHIC AGE IN IRAN

Originally the term "Neolithic" referred to the final Stone Age before the age of metals, that is: the Chalcolithic (copper), Bronze, and Iron Ages. Today "Neolithic" usually refers to the period of the origins and early development of agricultural economies. The oldest evidence for agriculture comes from the eastern Mediterranean (Levant) where agriculture came into practice 11,000 years ago at the end of, or shortly after, the Younger Dryas cold interval during which much of the region was not inhabited (Alley). An abrupt shift to warmer climate then allowed the cereal grasses and trees to expand from the Levant, taking about 1,000 years to reach Iran (Hole, 1999). As this expansion of natural vegetation took place, agriculture spread with it. The domestication of goats and sheep, on the other hand, occurred in northern Mesopotamia and the Zagros mountains, perhaps in Kurdistan and southern Anatolia (Zeder). The combination of agriculture (wheat, barley, lentils) and the raising of livestock (goats, sheep, cattle, pigs), formed the basis of the agricultural economy that has lasted until today and spread throughout the world (Harris et al.; Nesbitt, 2002). The Neolithic began in Iran about 10,000 years before the present (B.P.) and ended about 7,500 B.P. (for a review of the Initial and Early Village Periods that comprise the Neolithic of western Iran, see Hole, 1987a; 1987b). The earliest Neolithic occurred before the use of hand-made, chaff-tempered pottery which appeared around 8,500 B.P. The Neolithic ends with the appearance of new styles of pottery, generally with designs painted...

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